{"id":1534,"date":"2026-06-01T14:33:34","date_gmt":"2026-06-01T06:33:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yunyanglib.cn\/?p=1534"},"modified":"2026-06-01T14:33:36","modified_gmt":"2026-06-01T06:33:36","slug":"%e3%80%90java%e3%80%91java-%e5%ba%8f%e5%88%97%e5%8c%96%e8%af%a6%e8%a7%a3%ef%bc%9aserializable%e3%80%81transient-%e4%b8%8e-externalizable-%e5%85%a8%e9%9d%a2%e8%a7%a3%e6%9e%90","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yunyanglib.cn\/?p=1534","title":{"rendered":"\u3010Java\u3011Java \u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u8be6\u89e3\uff1aSerializable\u3001transient \u4e0e Externalizable \u5168\u9762\u89e3\u6790"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u5927\u5bb6\u597d\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u7ee7\u7eed\u5206\u4eab Java \u6838\u5fc3\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\uff0c\u672c\u6b21\u91cd\u70b9\u8bb2\u89e3\u5bf9\u8c61\u5e8f\u5217\u5316<\/strong>\u76f8\u5173\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5305\u62ec Serializable<\/code> \u63a5\u53e3\u3001transient<\/code> \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u3001Externalizable<\/code> \u63a5\u53e3\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u7248\u672c\u53f7 serialVersionUID<\/code>\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u642d\u914d\u5b9e\u6218\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5e2e\u5927\u5bb6\u5f7b\u5e95\u5403\u900f Java \u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f Java \u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u4e0e\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Java \u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u4ece JDK 1.1 \u7248\u672c\u5f00\u59cb\u5f15\u5165\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • \u5e8f\u5217\u5316<\/strong>\uff1a\u628a Java \u5bf9\u8c61\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u5b57\u8282\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u5bf9\u8c61\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u5230\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u6216\u662f\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u4f20\u8f93\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c06\u5b57\u8282\u5e8f\u5217\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3a\u539f\u59cb\u7684 Java \u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    \u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u60f3\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5b9e\u73b0 Serializable<\/code> \u63a5\u53e3<\/strong>\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u629b\u51fa NotSerializableException<\/code> \u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\uff0cSerializable<\/code> \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u6807\u8bc6\u63a5\u53e3<\/strong>\uff0c\u5185\u90e8\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u62bd\u8c61\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u4f5c\u7528\u5c31\u662f\u544a\u77e5 JVM\uff1a\u5f53\u524d\u7c7b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u652f\u6301\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \/\/ Serializable \u63a5\u53e3\u6e90\u7801\npublic interface Serializable {\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \u4e8c\u3001\u57fa\u7840\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u5b9e\u6218\uff08Serializable \u7528\u6cd5\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \u4e0b\u9762\u901a\u8fc7\u5b8c\u6574\u4ee3\u7801\u6f14\u793a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u4e0e\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    1. \u5b9e\u4f53\u7c7b\uff08\u5b9e\u73b0 Serializable \u63a5\u53e3\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    import java.io.Serializable;\n\n\/**\n * \u5b66\u751f\u5b9e\u4f53\u7c7b\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u63a5\u53e3\n *\/\npublic class Student implements Serializable {\n    \/\/ \u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf\n    private String name;\n    private int age;\n\n    \/\/ \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\n    public Student(String name, int age) {\n        this.name = name;\n        this.age = age;\n    }\n\n    \/\/ getter & setter\n    public String getName() {\n        return name;\n    }\n\n    public void setName(String name) {\n        this.name = name;\n    }\n\n    public int getAge() {\n        return age;\n    }\n\n    public void setAge(int age) {\n        this.age = age;\n    }\n\n    \/\/ \u91cd\u5199toString\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u6253\u5370\u5bf9\u8c61\u4fe1\u606f\n    @Override\n    public String toString() {\n        return \"Student{\" +\n                \"name='\" + name + '\\'' +\n                \", age=\" + age +\n                '}';\n    }\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    2. \u5e8f\u5217\u5316 & \u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7c7b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \u501f\u52a9 ObjectOutputStream<\/code> \u5b8c\u6210\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\uff0cObjectInputStream<\/code> \u5b8c\u6210\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    import java.io.FileInputStream;\nimport java.io.FileOutputStream;\nimport java.io.ObjectInputStream;\nimport java.io.ObjectOutputStream;\n\npublic class SerializeTest {\n    public static void main(String[] args) {\n        \/\/ 1. \u5e8f\u5217\u5316\uff1a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\n        try (ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(\"student.txt\"))) {\n            Student stu = new Student(\"\u4e91\u626c\", 22);\n            oos.writeObject(stu);\n            System.out.println(\"\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u5b8c\u6210\uff01\");\n        } catch (Exception e) {\n            e.printStackTrace();\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. \u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\uff1a\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u53d6\u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u8fd8\u539f\u5bf9\u8c61\n        try (ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(\"student.txt\"))) {\n            Student student = (Student) ois.readObject();\n            System.out.println(\"\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a\" + student);\n        } catch (Exception e) {\n            e.printStackTrace();\n        }\n    }\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u5b8c\u6210\uff01\n\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u7ed3\u679c\uff1aStudent{name='\u4e91\u626c', age=22}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \u6574\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7531 JVM \u81ea\u52a8\u5904\u7406\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u8bfb\u5199\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f Serializable<\/code> \u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u4e09\u3001transient \u5173\u952e\u5b57\uff1a\u5c4f\u853d\u5b57\u6bb5\u5e8f\u5217\u5316<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u654f\u611f\u5b57\u6bb5\uff08\u5982\u5bc6\u7801\u3001\u4e34\u65f6\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u88ab\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u6301\u4e45\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 transient<\/code><\/strong> \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u6838\u5fc3\u89c4\u5219<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    1. transient<\/code> \u4ec5\u80fd\u4fee\u9970\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf<\/strong>\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fee\u9970\u7c7b\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. \u88ab transient<\/code> \u4fee\u9970\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53c2\u4e0e\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    3. \u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u540e\uff0c\u8be5\u5b57\u6bb5\u4f1a\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c<\/strong>\uff08\u5f15\u7528\u7c7b\u578b null<\/code>\u3001\u6570\u503c\u7c7b\u578b 0\u3001\u5e03\u5c14\u7c7b\u578b false\uff09\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    4. static<\/code> \u4fee\u9970\u7684\u9759\u6001\u53d8\u91cf\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong>\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5426\u52a0 transient<\/code>\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
      \u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
      \u4fee\u6539 Student<\/code> \u7c7b\uff0c\u7ed9\u5e74\u9f84\u5b57\u6bb5\u52a0\u4e0a transient<\/code>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      import java.io.Serializable;\n\npublic class Student implements Serializable {\n    private String name;\n    \/\/ \u88abtransient\u4fee\u9970\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\n    private transient int age;\n\n    public Student(String name, int age) {\n        this.name = name;\n        this.age = age;\n    }\n\n    \/\/ getter\u3001setter\u3001toString \u7701\u7565\n    @Override\n    public String toString() {\n        return \"Student{\" +\n                \"name='\" + name + '\\'' +\n                \", age=\" + age +\n                '}';\n    }\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      \u518d\u6b21\u8fd0\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7c7b\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      \u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u5b8c\u6210\uff01\n\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u7ed3\u679c\uff1aStudent{name='\u4e91\u626c', age=0}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      \u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230 age<\/code> \u5b57\u6bb5\u4e22\u5931\uff0c\u53d8\u6210\u4e86 int \u7c7b\u578b\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c 0\uff0c\u7b26\u5408 transient<\/code> \u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      \u56db\u3001Externalizable\uff1a\u624b\u52a8\u63a7\u5236\u5e8f\u5217\u5316<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
      Java \u9664\u4e86 Serializable<\/code>\uff0c\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86 Externalizable<\/code><\/strong> \u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u5b83\u7ee7\u627f\u81ea Serializable<\/code>\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u624b\u52a8\u5b9a\u4e49\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u3001\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u89c4\u5219<\/strong>\uff0c\u7c92\u5ea6\u63a7\u5236\u66f4\u5f3a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      \u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u70b9<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      1. \u5fc5\u987b\u91cd\u5199 writeExternal()<\/code> \u548c readExternal()<\/code> \u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u624b\u52a8\u6307\u5b9a\u9700\u8981\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      2. \u5f3a\u5236\u8981\u6c42\u7c7b\u63d0\u4f9b\u65e0\u53c2\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff0c\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u65f6\u4f1a\u5148\u8c03\u7528\u65e0\u53c2\u6784\u9020\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      3. transient<\/code> \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u5bf9\u5b83\u5931\u6548<\/strong>\uff0c\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u89c4\u5219\u5b8c\u5168\u7531\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u624b\u5199\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      4. \u76f8\u6bd4\u81ea\u52a8\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\uff0c\u6027\u80fd\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u7f16\u7801\u6210\u672c\u66f4\u5927\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
        \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u6218<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
        1. \u5b9e\u73b0 Externalizable \u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u7c7b<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
        import java.io.Externalizable;\nimport java.io.IOException;\nimport java.io.ObjectInput;\nimport java.io.ObjectOutput;\n\npublic class User implements Externalizable {\n    private String username;\n    private String password;\n\n    \/\/ \u5fc5\u987b\u63d0\u4f9b\u65e0\u53c2\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\n    public User() {\n        System.out.println(\"\u65e0\u53c2\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\uff08\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u65f6\u6267\u884c\uff09\");\n    }\n\n    public User(String username, String password) {\n        this.username = username;\n        this.password = password;\n    }\n\n    \/\/ \u624b\u52a8\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u5199\u51fa\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\n    @Override\n    public void writeExternal(ObjectOutput out) throws IOException {\n        out.writeObject(username);\n        \/\/ \u6545\u610f\u4e0d\u5199\u5165password\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u654f\u611f\u5b57\u6bb5\u5c4f\u853d\n    }\n\n    \/\/ \u624b\u52a8\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\uff1a\u8bfb\u53d6\u5b57\u6bb5\n    @Override\n    public void readExternal(ObjectInput in) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {\n        this.username = (String) in.readObject();\n    }\n\n    @Override\n    public String toString() {\n        return \"User{\" +\n                \"username='\" + username + '\\'' +\n                \", password='\" + password + '\\'' +\n                '}';\n    }\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
        2. \u6d4b\u8bd5\u7c7b<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
        import java.io.FileInputStream;\nimport java.io.FileOutputStream;\nimport java.io.ObjectInputStream;\nimport java.io.ObjectOutputStream;\n\npublic class ExternalizableTest {\n    public static void main(String[] args) {\n        \/\/ \u5e8f\u5217\u5316\n        try (ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(\"user.txt\"))) {\n            User user = new User(\"admin\", \"123456\");\n            oos.writeObject(user);\n            System.out.println(\"User \u5bf9\u8c61\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u5b8c\u6210\");\n        } catch (Exception e) {\n            e.printStackTrace();\n        }\n\n        \/\/ \u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\n        try (ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(\"user.txt\"))) {\n            User user = (User) ois.readObject();\n            System.out.println(\"\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a\" + user);\n        } catch (Exception e) {\n            e.printStackTrace();\n        }\n    }\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
        \u8fd0\u884c\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        User \u5bf9\u8c61\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u5b8c\u6210\n\u65e0\u53c2\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\uff08\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u65f6\u6267\u884c\uff09\n\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u7ed3\u679c\uff1aUser{username='admin', password='null'}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
        \u6211\u4eec\u624b\u52a8\u53ea\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u4e86\u7528\u6237\u540d\uff0c\u5bc6\u7801\u5b57\u6bb5\u76f4\u63a5\u4e22\u5931\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e86\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u4f1a\u8c03\u7528\u65e0\u53c2\u6784\u9020\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        Serializable \u4e0e Externalizable \u5bf9\u6bd4\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
        \u7279\u6027<\/th>Serializable<\/th>Externalizable<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
        \u65b9\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0<\/td>\u7a7a\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u91cd\u5199\u65b9\u6cd5<\/td>\u5fc5\u987b\u91cd\u5199 writeExternal \/readExternal<\/td><\/tr>
        \u65e0\u53c2\u6784\u9020<\/td>\u4e0d\u8981\u6c42<\/td>\u5f3a\u5236\u8981\u6c42<\/td><\/tr>
        \u5b57\u6bb5\u63a7\u5236<\/td>\u81ea\u52a8\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\uff0ctransient \u751f\u6548<\/td>\u624b\u52a8\u63a7\u5236\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0ctransient \u5931\u6548<\/td><\/tr>
        \u6027\u80fd<\/td>\u8f83\u4f4e\uff08JVM \u81ea\u52a8\u53cd\u5c04\u5904\u7406\uff09<\/td>\u8f83\u9ad8\uff08\u624b\u52a8\u8bfb\u5199\uff09<\/td><\/tr>
        \u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/td>\u7b80\u5355\u5bf9\u8c61\u3001\u5feb\u901f\u5f00\u53d1<\/td>\u654f\u611f\u6570\u636e\u52a0\u5bc6\u3001\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u573a\u666f<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
        \u4e94\u3001serialVersionUID\uff1a\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u7248\u672c\u53f7<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
        \u8fd9\u662f\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u4e2d\u6781\u6613\u8e29\u5751\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u3002serialVersionUID<\/code> \u662f\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u7248\u672c\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\uff0c\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7c7b\u7248\u672c\u5347\u7ea7\u540e\uff0c\u65e7\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u6d41\u4f9d\u65e7\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b63\u5e38\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        \u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
        \u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u65f6\uff0cJVM \u4f1a\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5b57\u8282\u6d41\u4e2d\u7684\u7248\u672c\u53f7\u548c\u5f53\u524d\u7c7b\u7684\u7248\u672c\u53f7\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n